There was a recent thread (that has since been deleted) attacking Catholics as non-Christians and accusing Catholics of following a man-made religion. The OP said that Catholics are not Scriptural, and Catholics are not even Christians. He asked about where we find the Papacy in the Bible, and so I thought I would help our brother out and put forward some of the Scriptural support for Peter being the first Pope (not exhaustive).
Habemus Papam!
Peter is mentioned by name more than all of the other disciples combined. Peter is ALWAYS listed first, with the others being listed in various orders, and Judas is always last.
Peter is also the only apostle to have walked on water.
There is more scriptural support that can be found for the Papacy, in addition to the historical support but hopefully this will serve as a nice starting point.
I am praying for Pope Leo XIV and that he lead the Church well. Thankfully the Holy Spirit continues to guide and guard and protect the Church that Jesus Christ founded on Peter and the eleven.
Habemus Papam!
On the night before his death and with the disciples uncertain about what was happening, Jesus answered the disciples dispute directly and plainly. As leaders in His Church they must be servants, that each of the apostles are important and will have a throne in his Kingdom, and that Simon Peter is to be their leader.Luke 22: 24-34 on the night of the Last Supper with his Disciples said:
A dispute also arose among them, as to which of them was to be regarded as the greatest. And he said to them, "The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those in authority over them are called benefactors. But not so with you. Rather, let the greatest among you become as the youngest, and the leader as one who serves. For who is the greater, one who reclines at table or one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at table? But I am among you as the one who serves. You are those who have stayed with me in my trials, and I assign to you, as my Father assigned to me, a kingdom, that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you (plural), that he might sift you (plural) like wheat, but I have prayed for YOU (singular) that YOUR (singular) faith may not fail. And when YOU (singular) have turned again, strengthen your brothers." Peter said to him, "Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death." Jesus said, "I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow this day, until you deny three times that you know me."
Jesus begins and ends with beautiful and similar imageryMatt 4:18 Jesus begins his ministry by calling Simon to follow him said:
While walking by the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter), and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. And he said to them, "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men."
Note a couple of important things about the above passage: 1) Simon Peter is to be a fisher of men and when Simon says he is going out to fish, the disciples respond that they will go with Peter. 2) The catch was so large that even working together the disciples were unable to haul in the net full of fish. 3) Simon Peter, at the command of Jesus, then drags in the net by himself and the net was not torn (schizo). 4) the 153 fish represent all the nations and peoples.John 21: 1-19 after the Resurrection of Jesus: said:
Afterward Jesus appeared again to his disciples, by the Sea of Galilee. It happened this way: Simon Peter, Thomas (also known as Didymus), Nathanael from Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two other disciples were together. "I'm going out to fish," Simon Peter told them, and they said, "We'll go with you." So they went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing.
Early in the morning, Jesus stood on the shore, but the disciples did not realize that it was Jesus.
He called out to them, "Friends, haven't you any fish?"
"No," they answered.
He said, "Throw your net on the right side of the boat and you will find some." When they did, they were unable to haul the net in because of the large number of fish. Then the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" As soon as Simon Peter heard him say, "It is the Lord," he wrapped his outer garment around him (for he had taken it off) and jumped into the water. The other disciples followed in the boat, towing the net full of fish, for they were not far from shore, about a hundred yards. When they landed, they saw a fire of burning coals there with fish on it, and some bread.
Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish you have just caught." So Simon Peter climbed back into the boat and dragged the net ashore. It was full of large fish, 153, but even with so many THE NET WAS NOT TORN. Jesus said to them, "Come and have breakfast." None of the disciples dared ask him, "Who are you?" They knew it was the Lord. Jesus came, took the bread and gave it to them, and did the same with the fish. This was now the third time Jesus appeared to his disciples after he was raised from the dead.
Above, Jesus 'restores' Simon and gives him a specific mission (not documented for the other 11) to be the shepherd and caretaker of his flock, and to follow him because Jesus is the ultimate Good Shepherd who would not leave his flock without a leader.John 21 (continued) said:
When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter,
"Simon son of John, do you love (agapeo) me more than these?"
"Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I love (phileo) you."
Jesus said, "Feed my lambs."
Again Jesus said, "Simon son of John, do you love (agapeo) me?"
He answered, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love (phileo) you."
Jesus said, "Take care of my sheep."
The third time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love (phileo) me?"
Peter was hurt because Jesus asked him the third time, "Do you love (phileo) me?" He said, "Lord, you know all things; you know that I love (phileo) you."
Jesus said, "Feed my sheep.
Very truly I tell you, when you were younger you dressed yourself and went where you wanted; but when you are old you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go." Jesus said this to indicate the kind of death by which Peter would glorify God. Then he said to him, "Follow me!"
Matt 16: 13-20 Jesus changes Simon's name and gives Simon the Keys said:
When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, "Who do people say the Son of Man is? "They replied, "Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets."
"But what about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?"
Simon Peter answered, "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God."
Jesus replied, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you (singular) are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you (singular) the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you (singular) bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you (singular) loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Then he ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah.
Isaiah 22 the backdrop to Matt 16:18 and the authority the keys designate and an office with succession said:
"Go, say to this steward, to Shebna the palace administrator:
What are you doing here and who gave you permission to cut out a grave for yourself here, hewing your grave on the height and chiseling your resting place in the rock?
"Beware, the Lord is about to take firm hold of you and hurl you away, you mighty man.
He will roll you up tightly like a ball and throw you into a large country. There you will die and there the chariots you were so proud of will become a disgrace to your master's house. I will depose you from your office, and you will be ousted from your position.
"In that day I will summon my servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah. I will clothe him with your robe and fasten your sash around him and hand your authority over to him. He will be a father to those who live in Jerusalem and to the people of Judah. I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David; what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open. I will drive him like a peg into a firm place; he will become a seat of honor for the house of his father. All the glory of his family will hang on him: its offspring and offshootsall its lesser vessels, from the cups to all the flagons."
Naming a successor to Judas was not considered optional but something they must do, and it is interesting that he was numbered with the eleven apostles (not twelve). This is an explicit example of apostolic succession.Acts 1:15: Apostolic Succession said:
In those days, Peter stood up among the brothers (the company of persons was in all about 120) and said, "Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke beforehand by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus. For he was numbered among us and was allotted his share in this ministry....for it is written in the Book of Psalms,
"May his camp become desolate, and let there be no one to dwell in it;
and Let another take his office."
So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day when he was taken up from us - one of these men must become with us a witness to his resurrection."
And they put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was called Justus, and Matthias. And they prayed and said, "Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place. And they cast lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
Acts 2:14 Peter's sermon at Pentecost said:
But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them...
Acts 2:37-38 said:
Now when they heard this they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brothers, ...
Acts 4:8 said:
Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, "Rulers of the people and elders,..."
Acts 5:1- Peter announces infallible judgement on Ananias & Sapphira said:
But a man named Ananias, with his wife Sapphira, sold a piece of property, and with his wife's knowledge he kept back for himself some of the proceeds and brought only a part of it and laid it at the apostles' feet. But Peter said, Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back for yourself part of the proceeds of the land? While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? And after it was sold was it not at your disposal? Why is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to man but to God." When Ananias heard these words he fell down and breathed his last. And great fear came upon all who heard of it. The young men rose and wrapped him up and carried him out and buried him.
After an interval of about three hours his wife came in, and not knowing what had happened. And Peter said to her, "Tell me whether you sold the land for so much." And she said, "Yes, for so much." But Peter said to her, "How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? Behold, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out." Immediately she fell down at his feet and breathed her last. When the young men came in they found her dead, and they carried her out and buried her beside her husband. And great fear came upon the whole church and upon all wh heard of these things.
Acts 5:12-16 Peter's Shadow heals the sick said:
Now many signs and wonders were regularly done among the people by the hands of the apostles. And they were all together in Solomon's Portico. None of the rest dared join them, but the people held them in high esteem. And more than ever believers were added to the Lord, multitudes of both men and women, so that they even carried out the sick into the streets and laid them on cots and mats, that as PETER came by at least his shadow might fall on some of them…and they were all healed.
Peter is mentioned by name more than all of the other disciples combined. Peter is ALWAYS listed first, with the others being listed in various orders, and Judas is always last.
Quote:
Matt 10:2
The names of the twelve apostles are these, first (prtos), Simon, who is called Peter…
Mark 3:16
He appointed the twelve: Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter)
Luke 6:14
And when day came he called his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he named apostles: Simon, whom he named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John…
John 1:42
Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon the son of John. You shall be called Cephas (which means Peter).
Mark 14:37 Jesus singles out Peter when Peter, James and John were sleeping in the Garden said:
And he came and found them sleeping, and he said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Could you not watch one hour? Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing but the flesh is weak."
John 20: 1-6 John waits for Peter to enter the tomb first said:
So Peter when out with the other disciple and they were going toward the tomb. Both of them were running together, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. And stooping to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there, but he did not go in. Then Simon Peter came, following him, and went into the tomb. He saw the linen cloths lying there, and the face cloth, which had been on Jesus head, not lying with the linen cloths but folded up in a place by itself. The other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went in, and he saw and believed.
Mark 16:7 said:
But go, tell his disciples and Peter that he is going before you to Galilee…
Peter is also the only apostle to have walked on water.
There is more scriptural support that can be found for the Papacy, in addition to the historical support but hopefully this will serve as a nice starting point.
I am praying for Pope Leo XIV and that he lead the Church well. Thankfully the Holy Spirit continues to guide and guard and protect the Church that Jesus Christ founded on Peter and the eleven.